Before 1940, self-service was a specialized form of retailing.

According to a 1939 business census, there were 387,337 grocery stores in the United States. Only 31,183 of them were self-service stores.

Explore the links below to find out more about the history of self-service stores.

  • Before Self-service

    For centuries stores were organized for counter service.

  • Groceterias

    During the World War I era self-service stores experimentation was inspired by the new cafeteria.

  • Piggly Wiggly

    Piggly Wiggly was the most influential self-service store before 1940.

  • A Specialized Form of Retailing

    Before 1940 the vast majority of grocery stores were organized by open display principles, NOT systemized self-service.

  • Super-Sizing Self-Service Stores

    During the 1930s supermarkets were a turning point in the history of self-service store design.

  • 21st Century Clerk-less Stores

    Today’s high tech clerkless stores are built on the foundation established by the groceterias of the early twentieth century.